Every heat event the pipeline tracked between 2019-05-01 and 2019-09-30, with how each one grew, peaked and moved. Anomalies are against the 1991–2020 baseline.
Season at a glance
Events tracked
23
Total heat burden
85.66 Mkm²·days
Longest
25days (#8)
Hottest
+19.7°C (#1)
With a heat dome
6of 23 events
A heat dome is the stricter object: a tracked heat event with a closed 500 hPa anticyclone whose influence cap overlies it, after Loikith et al. (2026). Most heatwaves are not domes, so the label is a finding and not a synonym.
ERA5 daily maximum 2 m temperature over land, against the 1991–2020 climatology (p90 in a centred 15-day window). A heatwave cell is Tx above p90 on at least 3 consecutive days.
When the events ran
Overlapping bars are concurrent events in different places, not one event counted twice: each is a separately labelled cluster of contiguous heatwave cells.
How each event evolved
Event #8 — 2019-06-01 → 2019-06-25 25 daysheat dome · 18/25 d · Z500 +247 m
peak 1.84 M km² on 2019-06-12 · max +16.2 °C · mean +8.1 °C · burden 21.23 M km²·d · drift 2431 km (49.8 N 8.4 E → 46.3 N 41.0 E)
Event #12 — 2019-06-23 → 2019-07-10 18 dayshigh on 7/18 d only
peak 1.18 M km² on 2019-06-26 · max +15.8 °C · mean +8.5 °C · burden 8.99 M km²·d · drift 990 km (51.6 N 6.1 E → 43.3 N 10.5 E)
Event #18 — 2019-08-23 → 2019-09-03 12 dayshigh on 5/12 d only
peak 1.24 M km² on 2019-08-28 · max +13.2 °C · mean +8.0 °C · burden 8.23 M km²·d · drift 1826 km (49.1 N 4.8 E → 47.5 N 29.5 E)
Event #7 — 2019-05-27 → 2019-06-06 11 daysheat dome · 6/11 d · Z500 +177 m
peak 1.35 M km² on 2019-05-30 · max +13.0 °C · mean +7.2 °C · burden 7.79 M km²·d · drift 1121 km (38.6 N 30.6 E → 39.0 N 43.5 E)
Event #21 — 2019-09-07 → 2019-09-13 7 daysheat dome · 4/7 d · Z500 +236 m
peak 1.30 M km² on 2019-09-11 · max +11.1 °C · mean +7.9 °C · burden 5.57 M km²·d · drift 478 km (49.9 N 33.9 E → 53.5 N 37.6 E)
Event #13 — 2019-07-19 → 2019-07-28 10 dayshigh on 3/10 d only
peak 1.24 M km² on 2019-07-24 · max +18.0 °C · mean +8.9 °C · burden 5.15 M km²·d · drift 1604 km (40.4 N -4.0 E → 53.2 N 5.8 E)
Event #14 — 2019-07-20 → 2019-07-30 11 dayshigh on 5/11 d only
peak 876k km² on 2019-07-27 · max +14.6 °C · mean +8.3 °C · burden 4.46 M km²·d · drift 1153 km (69.5 N 23.8 E → 61.9 N 6.4 E)
Event #20 — 2019-08-24 → 2019-09-04 12 daysheat dome · 8/12 d · Z500 +239 m
peak 904k km² on 2019-08-28 · max +11.3 °C · mean +7.4 °C · burden 3.92 M km²·d · drift 1591 km (59.2 N 8.6 E → 68.7 N 33.5 E)
Event #17 — 2019-08-09 → 2019-08-26 18 dayshigh on 6/18 d only
peak 414k km² on 2019-08-22 · max +12.2 °C · mean +5.7 °C · burden 3.60 M km²·d · drift 1249 km (36.8 N 40.5 E → 46.3 N 32.7 E)
Event #3 — 2019-05-13 → 2019-05-19 7 daysno overlying high
peak 764k km² on 2019-05-16 · max +14.0 °C · mean +7.1 °C · burden 3.16 M km²·d · drift 674 km (35.6 N 38.5 E → 40.3 N 43.4 E)
Event #22 — 2019-09-12 → 2019-09-21 10 dayshigh on 4/10 d only
peak 390k km² on 2019-09-16 · max +11.6 °C · mean +7.3 °C · burden 1.73 M km²·d · drift 283 km (45.0 N 2.7 E → 44.3 N -0.8 E)
Event #4 — 2019-05-17 → 2019-05-23 7 dayshigh on 2/7 d only
peak 431k km² on 2019-05-19 · max +12.3 °C · mean +8.4 °C · burden 1.71 M km²·d · drift 529 km (60.6 N 22.6 E → 56.3 N 26.5 E)
Event #1 — 2019-05-06 → 2019-05-16 11 dayshigh on 2/11 d only
peak 337k km² on 2019-05-10 · max +19.7 °C · mean +10.5 °C · burden 1.68 M km²·d · drift 760 km (56.5 N 40.4 E → 50.3 N 45.0 E)
Event #6 — 2019-05-26 → 2019-06-04 10 dayshigh on 4/10 d only
peak 410k km² on 2019-06-01 · max +12.2 °C · mean +7.6 °C · burden 1.59 M km²·d · drift 666 km (37.4 N -7.5 E → 40.8 N -1.2 E)
Event #16 — 2019-08-07 → 2019-08-14 8 dayshigh on 3/8 d only
peak 347k km² on 2019-08-12 · max +10.4 °C · mean +5.9 °C · burden 1.32 M km²·d · drift 373 km (40.6 N 20.9 E → 43.3 N 23.5 E)
Event #2 — 2019-05-11 → 2019-05-16 6 dayshigh on 2/6 d only
peak 307k km² on 2019-05-14 · max +14.3 °C · mean +8.3 °C · burden 1.24 M km²·d · drift 419 km (37.8 N -6.0 E → 40.7 N -2.8 E)
Event #23 — 2019-09-23 → 2019-09-30 8 dayshigh on 4/8 d only
peak 197k km² on 2019-09-28 · max +9.3 °C · mean +6.0 °C · burden 745k km²·d · drift 391 km (36.3 N -5.6 E → 39.4 N -3.7 E)
Event #5 — 2019-05-17 → 2019-05-22 6 daysheat dome · 4/6 d · Z500 +296 m
peak 199k km² on 2019-05-19 · max +13.4 °C · mean +9.3 °C · burden 706k km²·d · drift 219 km (66.1 N 19.0 E → 65.0 N 15.1 E)
Event #19 — 2019-08-23 → 2019-08-27 5 dayshigh on 2/5 d only
peak 187k km² on 2019-08-25 · max +12.1 °C · mean +7.1 °C · burden 663k km²·d · drift 80 km (52.8 N -1.8 E → 52.5 N -0.7 E)
Event #10 — 2019-06-19 → 2019-06-29 11 daysno overlying high
peak 154k km² on 2019-06-24 · max +11.7 °C · mean +6.6 °C · burden 644k km²·d · drift 741 km (35.1 N 9.4 E → 35.1 N 1.2 E)
Event #11 — 2019-06-22 → 2019-06-28 7 daysno overlying high
peak 160k km² on 2019-06-27 · max +8.8 °C · mean +5.4 °C · burden 631k km²·d · drift 245 km (39.9 N 40.3 E → 37.8 N 41.3 E)
Event #9 — 2019-06-18 → 2019-06-21 4 daysheat dome · 4/4 d · Z500 +145 m
peak 184k km² on 2019-06-19 · max +10.4 °C · mean +7.4 °C · burden 553k km²·d · drift 274 km (56.5 N 22.7 E → 56.0 N 27.1 E)
Event #15 — 2019-07-22 → 2019-07-26 5 dayshigh on 2/5 d only
peak 114k km² on 2019-07-23 · max +14.5 °C · mean +8.2 °C · burden 345k km²·d · drift 473 km (53.8 N -0.7 E → 57.8 N -3.6 E)
Filled area is the event footprint in km² (left axis); the solid line is the peak anomaly inside it and the dashed line the mean (right axis). The small panel is the centroid path, circles sized by area and the ring marking day one. Drift is the straight-line start-to-end distance, so a dome that wandered and returned reports a small number.