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Season 1993

Every heat event the pipeline tracked between 1993-05-01 and 1993-09-30, with how each one grew, peaked and moved. Anomalies are against the 1991–2020 baseline.

Season at a glance

Events tracked
13
Total heat burden
14.86 Mkm²·days
Longest
12days (#3)
Hottest
+15.8°C (#1)
With a heat dome
8of 13 events

A heat dome is the stricter object: a tracked heat event with a closed 500 hPa anticyclone whose influence cap overlies it, after Loikith et al. (2026). Most heatwaves are not domes, so the label is a finding and not a synonym.

ERA5 daily maximum 2 m temperature over land, against the 1991–2020 climatology (p90 in a centred 15-day window). A heatwave cell is Tx above p90 on at least 3 consecutive days.

When the events ran

MayJunJulAugSep#110 d · +15.8 °C#24 d · +14.3 °C#312 d · +11.7 °C#411 d · +13.9 °C#58 d · +11.6 °C#68 d · +15.5 °C#74 d · +9.6 °C#86 d · +10.5 °C#95 d · +11.4 °C#106 d · +9.7 °C#115 d · +10.0 °C#129 d · +11.0 °C#136 d · +6.3 °C1993-05-01 → 1993-09-30; bar colour is peak anomaly (+4 to +16 °C); filled dot = heat dome, hollow = no overlying high

Overlapping bars are concurrent events in different places, not one event counted twice: each is a separately labelled cluster of contiguous heatwave cells.

How each event evolved

Event #6 — 1993-05-17 → 1993-05-24 8 daysheat dome · 6/8 d · Z500 +298 m

peak 534k km² on 1993-05-20 · max +15.5 °C · mean +9.3 °C · burden 2.79 M km²·d · drift 424 km (60.8 N 19.1 E → 58.9 N 12.6 E)

534kkm²+15.5+0.0 °C1993-05-171993-05-24peak 1993-05-20centroid drift · 5.6° box

Event #3 — 1993-05-04 → 1993-05-15 12 dayshigh on 3/12 d only

peak 450k km² on 1993-05-12 · max +11.7 °C · mean +7.7 °C · burden 2.59 M km²·d · drift 642 km (58.1 N 28.0 E → 55.0 N 19.1 E)

450kkm²+11.7+0.0 °C1993-05-041993-05-15peak 1993-05-12centroid drift · 8.6° box

Event #5 — 1993-05-17 → 1993-05-24 8 dayshigh on 1/8 d only

peak 561k km² on 1993-05-20 · max +11.6 °C · mean +7.9 °C · burden 1.76 M km²·d · drift 138 km (55.7 N 9.0 E → 56.8 N 10.3 E)

561kkm²+11.6+0.0 °C1993-05-171993-05-24peak 1993-05-20centroid drift · 7.8° box

Event #1 — 1993-05-01 → 1993-05-10 10 daysheat dome · 6/9 d · Z500 +342 m

peak 445k km² on 1993-05-02 · max +15.8 °C · mean +9.3 °C · burden 1.68 M km²·d · drift 493 km (64.5 N 23.1 E → 60.4 N 26.4 E)

445kkm²+15.8+0.0 °C1993-05-011993-05-10peak 1993-05-02centroid drift · 5.2° box

Event #4 — 1993-05-12 → 1993-05-22 11 daysheat dome · 8/11 d · Z500 +298 m

peak 290k km² on 1993-05-15 · max +13.9 °C · mean +9.6 °C · burden 1.49 M km²·d · drift 456 km (61.1 N 29.5 E → 63.5 N 22.2 E)

290kkm²+13.9+0.0 °C1993-05-121993-05-22peak 1993-05-15centroid drift · 9.8° box

Event #12 — 1993-08-22 → 1993-08-30 9 daysheat dome · 9/9 d · Z500 +78 m

peak 259k km² on 1993-08-25 · max +11.0 °C · mean +6.7 °C · burden 961k km²·d · drift 802 km (44.5 N 23.0 E → 37.3 N 22.4 E)

259kkm²+11.0+0.0 °C1993-08-221993-08-30peak 1993-08-25centroid drift · 9.0° box

Event #11 — 1993-07-17 → 1993-07-21 5 daysheat dome · 3/5 d · Z500 +115 m

peak 203k km² on 1993-07-19 · max +10.0 °C · mean +6.6 °C · burden 707k km²·d · drift 59 km (43.8 N 24.0 E → 44.2 N 23.7 E)

203kkm²+10.0+0.0 °C1993-07-171993-07-21peak 1993-07-19centroid drift · 1.3° box

Event #2 — 1993-05-01 → 1993-05-04 4 daysheat dome · 3/3 d · Z500 +257 m

peak 215k km² on 1993-05-02 · max +14.3 °C · mean +10.4 °C · burden 692k km²·d · drift 209 km (63.3 N 38.3 E → 63.0 N 42.4 E)

215kkm²+14.3+0.0 °C1993-05-011993-05-04peak 1993-05-02centroid drift · 2.3° box

Event #9 — 1993-06-06 → 1993-06-10 5 daysheat dome · 4/5 d · Z500 +150 m

peak 174k km² on 1993-06-08 · max +11.4 °C · mean +7.1 °C · burden 573k km²·d · drift 348 km (48.4 N 1.0 E → 50.5 N 4.6 E)

174kkm²+11.4+0.0 °C1993-06-061993-06-10peak 1993-06-08centroid drift · 3.3° box

Event #8 — 1993-05-27 → 1993-06-01 6 daysheat dome · 5/6 d · Z500 +136 m

peak 123k km² on 1993-05-29 · max +10.5 °C · mean +6.1 °C · burden 522k km²·d · drift 550 km (43.0 N 23.6 E → 38.2 N 22.2 E)

123kkm²+10.5+0.0 °C1993-05-271993-06-01peak 1993-05-29centroid drift · 6.1° box

Event #10 — 1993-06-21 → 1993-06-26 6 dayshigh on 3/6 d only

peak 137k km² on 1993-06-24 · max +9.7 °C · mean +5.3 °C · burden 434k km²·d · drift 117 km (35.1 N 36.0 E → 36.1 N 36.4 E)

137kkm²+9.7+0.0 °C1993-06-211993-06-26peak 1993-06-24centroid drift · 3.1° box

Event #13 — 1993-09-15 → 1993-09-20 6 dayshigh on 1/6 d only

peak 108k km² on 1993-09-18 · max +6.3 °C · mean +4.2 °C · burden 347k km²·d · drift 122 km (35.3 N 39.8 E → 35.9 N 40.8 E)

108kkm²+6.3+0.0 °C1993-09-151993-09-20peak 1993-09-18centroid drift · 3.7° box

Event #7 — 1993-05-23 → 1993-05-26 4 daysno overlying high

peak 101k km² on 1993-05-24 · max +9.6 °C · mean +7.0 °C · burden 307k km²·d · drift 297 km (49.8 N 1.1 E → 50.3 N 5.2 E)

101kkm²+9.6+0.0 °C1993-05-231993-05-26peak 1993-05-24centroid drift · 3.3° box

Filled area is the event footprint in km² (left axis); the solid line is the peak anomaly inside it and the dashed line the mean (right axis). The small panel is the centroid path, circles sized by area and the ring marking day one. Drift is the straight-line start-to-end distance, so a dome that wandered and returned reports a small number.

Pipeline figures, 1993

Extent through the season

heatwave extent 1993

Footprints and tracks

heatwave events 1993