Every heat event the pipeline tracked between 2013-05-01 and 2013-09-30, with how each one grew, peaked and moved. Anomalies are against the 1991–2020 baseline.
Season at a glance
Events tracked
23
Total heat burden
67.13 Mkm²·days
Longest
20days (#1)
Hottest
+18.8°C (#5)
With a heat dome
10of 23 events
A heat dome is the stricter object: a tracked heat event with a closed 500 hPa anticyclone whose influence cap overlies it, after Loikith et al. (2026). Most heatwaves are not domes, so the label is a finding and not a synonym.
ERA5 daily maximum 2 m temperature over land, against the 1991–2020 climatology (p90 in a centred 15-day window). A heatwave cell is Tx above p90 on at least 3 consecutive days.
When the events ran
Overlapping bars are concurrent events in different places, not one event counted twice: each is a separately labelled cluster of contiguous heatwave cells.
How each event evolved
Event #1 — 2013-05-01 → 2013-05-20 20 daysheat dome · 14/19 d · Z500 +190 m
peak 1.78 M km² on 2013-05-03 · max +13.7 °C · mean +8.3 °C · burden 21.51 M km²·d · drift 1554 km (42.1 N 32.7 E → 55.3 N 25.8 E)
Event #5 — 2013-05-25 → 2013-06-06 13 daysheat dome · 10/13 d · Z500 +256 m
peak 1.16 M km² on 2013-06-01 · max +18.8 °C · mean +10.7 °C · burden 8.29 M km²·d · drift 498 km (65.8 N 24.8 E → 61.3 N 25.5 E)
Event #8 — 2013-06-20 → 2013-07-01 12 daysheat dome · 7/12 d · Z500 +246 m
peak 1.74 M km² on 2013-06-26 · max +16.8 °C · mean +8.2 °C · burden 7.91 M km²·d · drift 873 km (70.3 N 29.3 E → 62.5 N 32.0 E)
Event #7 — 2013-06-16 → 2013-06-24 9 daysheat dome · 5/9 d · Z500 +187 m
peak 1.23 M km² on 2013-06-19 · max +13.0 °C · mean +8.0 °C · burden 5.87 M km²·d · drift 1269 km (45.8 N 13.2 E → 51.9 N 27.9 E)
Event #17 — 2013-07-31 → 2013-08-11 12 daysheat dome · 8/12 d · Z500 +153 m
peak 1.04 M km² on 2013-08-08 · max +12.8 °C · mean +7.2 °C · burden 5.40 M km²·d · drift 1675 km (46.4 N 10.5 E → 53.1 N 31.6 E)
Event #23 — 2013-09-19 → 2013-09-30 12 dayshigh on 4/12 d only
peak 366k km² on 2013-09-23 · max +11.0 °C · mean +6.4 °C · burden 2.38 M km²·d · drift 742 km (41.4 N -8.5 E → 40.4 N 0.2 E)
Event #2 — 2013-05-16 → 2013-05-23 8 dayshigh on 4/8 d only
peak 495k km² on 2013-05-17 · max +14.7 °C · mean +10.3 °C · burden 1.72 M km²·d · drift 388 km (66.5 N 22.5 E → 65.3 N 14.6 E)
Event #12 — 2013-07-03 → 2013-07-12 10 dayshigh on 2/10 d only
peak 273k km² on 2013-07-07 · max +13.8 °C · mean +7.4 °C · burden 1.51 M km²·d · drift 374 km (40.0 N -8.0 E → 43.4 N -8.1 E)
Event #11 — 2013-07-02 → 2013-07-07 6 dayshigh on 2/6 d only
peak 425k km² on 2013-07-05 · max +9.6 °C · mean +6.7 °C · burden 1.51 M km²·d · drift 785 km (61.6 N 41.2 E → 54.6 N 39.5 E)
Event #13 — 2013-07-06 → 2013-07-24 19 daysheat dome · 16/19 d · Z500 +294 m
peak 167k km² on 2013-07-18 · max +10.3 °C · mean +6.1 °C · burden 1.31 M km²·d · drift 204 km (56.1 N -2.7 E → 57.4 N -5.1 E)
Event #15 — 2013-07-25 → 2013-07-29 5 daysno overlying high
peak 392k km² on 2013-07-28 · max +12.9 °C · mean +7.8 °C · burden 1.27 M km²·d · drift 327 km (46.6 N 12.7 E → 47.2 N 17.0 E)
Event #21 — 2013-09-04 → 2013-09-13 10 daysheat dome · 9/10 d · Z500 +238 m
peak 347k km² on 2013-09-08 · max +9.4 °C · mean +5.8 °C · burden 1.23 M km²·d · drift 193 km (63.3 N 13.1 E → 61.6 N 12.6 E)
Event #20 — 2013-09-02 → 2013-09-07 6 dayshigh on 3/6 d only
peak 315k km² on 2013-09-05 · max +11.8 °C · mean +7.4 °C · burden 976k km²·d · drift 191 km (46.3 N 8.6 E → 47.5 N 10.3 E)
Event #18 — 2013-08-05 → 2013-08-09 5 daysheat dome · 5/5 d · Z500 +158 m
peak 228k km² on 2013-08-07 · max +9.8 °C · mean +7.3 °C · burden 754k km²·d · drift 604 km (65.7 N 41.2 E → 60.8 N 35.8 E)
Event #9 — 2013-06-23 → 2013-06-30 8 daysno overlying high
peak 215k km² on 2013-06-28 · max +11.4 °C · mean +5.2 °C · burden 723k km²·d · drift 425 km (39.9 N 30.3 E → 38.9 N 35.1 E)
Event #22 — 2013-09-13 → 2013-09-21 9 dayshigh on 3/9 d only
peak 129k km² on 2013-09-18 · max +9.8 °C · mean +5.8 °C · burden 687k km²·d · drift 156 km (68.9 N 29.2 E → 70.2 N 27.3 E)
Event #3 — 2013-05-19 → 2013-05-23 5 daysno overlying high
peak 219k km² on 2013-05-21 · max +10.9 °C · mean +6.0 °C · burden 677k km²·d · drift 367 km (41.6 N 22.8 E → 41.2 N 27.2 E)
Event #4 — 2013-05-19 → 2013-05-25 7 daysheat dome · 4/7 d · Z500 +223 m
peak 172k km² on 2013-05-23 · max +12.2 °C · mean +8.4 °C · burden 675k km²·d · drift 686 km (67.3 N 15.2 E → 69.2 N 31.1 E)
Event #16 — 2013-07-28 → 2013-08-08 12 dayshigh on 6/12 d only
peak 129k km² on 2013-08-05 · max +10.9 °C · mean +7.9 °C · burden 620k km²·d · drift 284 km (69.3 N 33.9 E → 67.4 N 38.6 E)
Event #19 — 2013-08-18 → 2013-08-23 6 dayshigh on 2/6 d only
peak 182k km² on 2013-08-20 · max +8.6 °C · mean +5.4 °C · burden 598k km²·d · drift 71 km (37.4 N -6.7 E → 37.3 N -5.9 E)
Event #10 — 2013-06-29 → 2013-07-06 8 daysheat dome · 5/8 d · Z500 +235 m
peak 129k km² on 2013-07-02 · max +15.9 °C · mean +9.1 °C · burden 583k km²·d · drift 207 km (68.4 N 33.8 E → 68.2 N 38.9 E)
Event #6 — 2013-06-13 → 2013-06-16 4 dayshigh on 1/4 d only
peak 164k km² on 2013-06-14 · max +9.4 °C · mean +7.3 °C · burden 542k km²·d · drift 137 km (46.0 N 42.0 E → 46.5 N 43.7 E)
Event #14 — 2013-07-21 → 2013-07-23 3 dayshigh on 1/3 d only
peak 130k km² on 2013-07-21 · max +10.2 °C · mean +7.6 °C · burden 390k km²·d · drift 0 km (51.1 N 5.1 E → 51.1 N 5.1 E)
Filled area is the event footprint in km² (left axis); the solid line is the peak anomaly inside it and the dashed line the mean (right axis). The small panel is the centroid path, circles sized by area and the ring marking day one. Drift is the straight-line start-to-end distance, so a dome that wandered and returned reports a small number.